Works Cited
Works Cited Generator: http://www.bibme.org/
(American Psychological Association)
1. Book with one author:
Author’s last name, Author’s initials. (Date of publication). Title. City of publication: Publisher.
McKibben, B. (1992). The age of missing information. New York: Random House.
2. Magazine article (Print format, continuous pagination throughout volume)
Author’s last name, Author’s initials. (Date of publication). Title of article. Name of journal, volume number, pages.
Burke, R. J., Shearer, D., & Deszca, E. (1984). Correlates of burnout phases among police officers. Group and Organizational Studies, 9, 451-466.
*Note: when paginated by issue, give the issue number following the volume number, then the pages: 45(2), 10-36.
3. Newspaper article (Print format)
Author’s last name, Author’s initials. (Date of publication). Title of the Article. Title of Newspaper, p. Sec.page.
Von Drehle, D. (2000, January 15). Russians unveil new security plan. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A21.
4. Electronic Sources (Library databases, Internet websites)
APA uses the DOI (Digital Object Identifier), a unique alpha-numeric code assigned to individual online works. Most popular magazine & newspaper articles do not have a DOI assigned. Most database articles are final permanent record versions, so do not include date of retrieval or URL.
APA has a PREFERENCE ORDER. For example, if the DOI is available (the highest preference), you must list it. If DOI does not appear on either article or in database, Search on article author/title using http://www.crossref.org/ guestquery/. Use the format that fits your article from the examples below which are listed from most preferred to least-preferred.
I. APA MOST-PREFERRED FORMAT: Article has DOI assigned.
Journal article with continuous pagination
Wilens, T. E., & Biederman, J. (2006). Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A model for the study of addictions in youth. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20, 580-588. doi:10.1177/0269881105058776
Journal Article paginated by issue
Klimoski, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the highering process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 45(2), 10-36. doi:10.1037/1061-4087.45.2.10
II. APA 2nd-MOST-PREFERRED FORMAT: If article does not have a DOI assigned, then provide journal/magazine/newspaper home page URL. Do not provide the name of the Library database. Do not provide the entire URL which leads directly to the article.
Arakji, R. Y., & Lang, K. R. (2008). Avatar business value analysis: A method for the evaluation of business value creation in virtual commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 9, 207-218. Retrieved from http://www.csulb.edu/journals/jecr/
Magazine Article:
Bower, B. (2008, Feb. 9). Dawn of the city: Excavations prompt a revolution in thinking about the earliest cities. Science News, 173(6), 90-92. Retrieved from http://www.sciencenewsmagazine. org/
Newspaper Article:
Heinlein, G. (2007, July 24). Michigan smoking ban takes big step. Detroit News. Retrieved from http://www.detnews.com
III. APA Least-PREFERRED FORMAT: If article does not have a DOI assigned, and unable to locate journal home page URL, then provide name of online database which holds online article.
Chiang, L. (2005). Exploring the health-related quality of life among children with moderate asthma. Journal of Nursing Research, 13, 31-39. Retrieved from CINAHL database.
Article freely available directly from publisher, format differs from print version, or page numbers not indicated. Provide entire URL which leads directly to article.
1. Magazine:
McGinn, D., & Springen, K. (2007, July
30). Express-lane medicine. Newsweek. Retrieved from
http://newsweek.com/nw-srv/printed/us/so/a54599-2000jan23.htm
2. Newspaper:
Doulin, T., Gebolys, D., & Zachariah, H. (2006, November 9). Smoking goes poof on Dec. 7. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved from http://www.columbusdispatch.com/ live/contentbe/dispatch/2006/11/09/20061109-A1-03.html
3. Web Site/Page
When discussing an entire web site, an entry does not appear in the Works Cited, but is cited within text as shown below:
The International Council of Museums web site provides many links to museums, codes of ethics, and the museum profession (http://www.icom.org/).
Individual web page with personal author
Citations to webpages include the usual elements: author, date, title, etc. Date of retrieval is included because the content is likely to change.
Landis, B. (1996). Carlisle Indian Industrial School history. Retrieved September 20, 2001, from http://home.epix.net/~landis/histry.html
Individual web page available on university program or department web site
Trapp, Y. U. (2005). Multiple intelligences: The learning process in our students. Retrieved July 1, 2006, from Yale University, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Web site: http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum /units/2001/6/01.06.10.x.html
Goyen, A. (2007, February 22). Downtown Marquette dog sled races [Video file]. Video posted to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gW3CNCGGgTY
Electronic book
Vogel, C. G. (1999). Legends of landforms: Native American lore and the geology of the land. Retrieved from http://www.netlibrary.com/AccessProduct.aspx? ProductId=28788
Online government documents
Environmental
Protection Agency. (1999). Smog-Who does it hurt? What you need to know
about ozone and your health. (EPA Publication No. EPA-452/K-99-001).
Retrieved from
http://www.epa.gov/airnow//health/smog.pdf
Court Decision with identifier (Note source abbreviations - WestLaw: WL & Lexis-Nexis: LEXIS). If screen or page numbers are assigned, use with an asterisk.
Hornback v. U.S., No. 03-5099, 2004 WL 68510, at *1 (C. A. Fed. Jan. 13, 2004).
Online Encyclopedia (Provide date retrieved and home page URL)
Boss brass. (2007). In H. Kallmann & G. Potvin (Eds.), Encyclopedia of music in Canada. Retrieved July 26, 2007, from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/
Miscellaneous works: See your teacher, a library media specialist or a citation handbook.
(Modern Language Association)
1. Book with one author:
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Title. City of publication: Publisher, date of publication.
Baldwin, James. Another Country. New York: Dial Press, 1962.
2. Magazine article (Print format)
Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine day Mon. year: pages.
Powell, Bill. “Life Spans.” Newsweek 27 Apr. 1992: 55-58.
3. Newspaper article (Print format)
Author’s last name, author’s first name. “Title of the Article.” Title of Newspaper day Mon. year: Sec.page.
King, Sharon. “Staying in Vogue.” The New York Times 4 Nov. 1998: C1.
Electronic Sources (Library databases, Internet websites)
When citing an electronic source, you must give two dates: the date of publication and the date you accessed it. Some publishing information is not available online; include what you can find. WARNING: the citation examples given on websites are not always accurate or in the format your teacher requires. When in doubt, ask your teacher or the library media specialist.
4. Online Encyclopedia
“Title of article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Publisher, date of publication. Date accessed <URL>.
“Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic Library Publishing, 2005. 10 May 2006 <http://gme.grolier.com>.
5. Online magazine or newspaper article (Not from a Library database)
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of Article.” Name of Site Date published. Date of access <URL>
Levy, Steven. “Great Minds, Great Ideas.” Newsweek 27 May 2008. 17 Apr 2009 <http://www.msnbc.com/news/754336.asp>.
6. Internet site:
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of Article.” Name of Site Publisher. Date published. Date of access <URL>.
Odelberg, Wilhelm. “Elie Wiesel.” Nobelprize.org Nobel Foundation. 1987. 14 May 2006 <http://www.nobelprize.org>.
7. Online Book
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Title of Book. Place: Publisher, date of original publication. Title of Site. date of electronic publication. Electronic Publisher. date of access <URL>.
Menzel, Peter. Robo Sapiens: Evolution of a New Species. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000. MIT Press. 2001. 8 May 2009 <http://robosapiens.mit.edu/>.
8. Library databases: (American History, World History, Access Science, Daily Life Online)
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of article.” Date of article Name of database. Publisher. Date of access <URL>.
"Cold War." 2009. American History. ABC-CLIO. 30 Apr. 2009 <http://www.americanhistory.abc-clio.com>.
Bernstein, Lisa. “All aboard: Last Stop Cairo.” 25 June 2002 World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO. 13 Feb. 2006 <http://www.ancienthistory.abc-clio.com>.
9. Database article originally published in print (Includes most SH Library databases not mentioned in previous category)
When online information has first been published in print format, you must first give the print format information, followed by the electronic information, as in the examples below. Give as much of the original publication information as you can find. Note that most of these databases are also treated as subscription services, so you must give the name of the library where you accessed the database.
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of article.” Original source, Place: Publisher, date of original source: pages. Database name. Publisher. Library. Location. Date of access <URL>.
Wood, James. “Laughter and Forgetting.” New Republic 23 Dec. 2002: 33-38. ProQuest. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library, Sleepy Hollow, NY. 4 April 2005 <http://proquest.umi.com/ pqdweb?RQT=302&cfc=1>.
"Nuclear Power." Encyclopedia of Careers and Vocational Guidance, 14th ed. New York: Ferguson Publishing, 2007. Ferguson's Career Guidance Center. Facts On File, Inc. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library, Sleepy Hollow, NY. 2 Apr. 2007 <http://www.fofweb.com>.
"Crow, Sheryl." Current Biography. 1998. Current Bio Illustrated. H. W. Wilson. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library, Sleepy Hollow, NY. 30 Apr. 2009 <http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/>.
Howard, Ronald W. “The Tell-Tale Heart.” Masterplots II: Short Story Series, Revised Ed. Salem Press, 2004. MagillOnLiterature. EBSCO. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library, Sleepy Hollow, NY. 4 April 2009 <http://search.epnet.com>.
Lowell, James Russell. "Thoreau." Literary Essays. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1893. 361-381. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris and Sheila Fitzgerald. Vol. 7. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. 361-381. Literature Resource Center. Gale. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library. 30 Apr. 2009 <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/ start.do?p=LitRC&u=nysl_me_slpholhs>.
Weinberg, Steve. "Wrongful Convictions." CQ Researcher 19.15 (2009): 345-372. CQ Researcher Online. CQ Press. Sleepy Hollow Middle and High School Library, Sleepy Hollow, NY.30 April 2009 <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/
(Only break a URL line after a forward slash as above.)
10. Miscellaneous works
To cite other formats such as an interview, a map, a song, a music video, a television program, a painting, a speech, etc… see your teacher, a library media specialist or a citation handbook available at your library.